Profile of the Population Living With Hiv at a Reference Service and Adherence to Condom Use

Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains one of the main global public health challenges, with direct implications for the quality of life of affected people. Despite advances in antiretroviral treatments, prevention of transmission remains crucial, especially in sexual relationships. Consistent condom use is one of the most effective strategies to prevent transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic and behavioral profile of people living with HIV at a reference service, focusing on adherence to condom use. Observational, cross-sectional study conducted via structured interviews during routine medical visits between January and May 2025. The sample comprised 223 adult patients with confirmed HIV. Information was collected on gender identity, sexual orientation, relationship status, condom use, and occurrence of STIs in the study period. The analysis was descriptive, considering absolute and relative frequencies. Of 223 participants, 160 (71.7%) reported not using condoms, while only 63 (28.3%) reported regular use. Among cisgender women (n = 79), 40 (50.6%) reported use; among cisgender men (n = 31), only 6 (19.3%) reported use. Among gay men (n = 107), 90 (84.1%) did not use condoms. None of the transgender participants (n = 6) reported use. Regarding sexual orientation, 96 of 113 LGBTQIA+ individuals did not use condoms, while among 110 heterosexuals, 46 reported use. In serodifferent relationships (n = 98), 70 did not use condoms. Among the 125 without a stable relationship, 90 did not use them. Of the 160 who did not use condoms, 25 had recent STIs, 18 men and 7 women. Data indicate low adherence to condom use among people living with HIV, especially among cisgender men, LGBTQIA+ individuals, and transgender people. The high incidence of STIs in this population, associated with non-use of condoms, highlights the need for more effective public policies emphasizing sex education, combination prevention strategies, and individualized approaches in clinical practice.