What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to understand how spatial marketing and cultural experiences affect visitor satisfaction in Chinese classical gardens.

Understanding Spatial Marketing and Cultural Experience in Chinese Classical Gardens: A Case of the Humble Administrator’s Garden

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Examines spatial marketing dynamics and cultural experience in Chinese classical gardens, suggesting implications for digital tourism.

The aim is to understand how spatial marketing and cultural experiences affect visitor satisfaction in Chinese classical gardens.
Conducted an empirical case study of the Humble Administrator’s Garden
Gathered data through a survey with 436 valid responses
Utilized Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for analysis
Developed the CTE Triad Model to explain the dynamics involved
Visitor engagement has the strongest positive effect on satisfaction (β= .45)
Spatial aesthetics and social media propagation also positively affect visitor satisfaction
Cultural identity mediates the relationship between sensory experiences and satisfaction

Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.

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