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March 18, 2026BiomedicinesOpen Access

Thermal–Inflammatory Index (TI): An Integrated Biomarker of Severity and Prognosis in Chronic Lower-Limb Ulcers

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Authors

BMBartosz MolasyMWMałgorzata Wrzosek

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Overview

This observational study develops a Thermal–Inflammatory Index to assess severity and predict outcomes in chronic lower-limb ulcers, suggesting improved risk stratification.

Key Points

  • To create and evaluate a Thermal–Inflammatory Index that combines thermographic and inflammatory data for assessing chronic lower-limb ulcers.
  • Conducted a prospective observational study with 82 adults having chronic lower-limb ulcers.
  • Utilized infrared thermography to measure wound-bed temperature.
  • Measured systemic inflammatory markers: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
  • Constructed a composite Thermal–Inflammatory Index incorporating inverted wound-bed temperature, NLR, and CRP.
  • Evaluated discriminative performance through receiver operating characteristic analysis.
  • Higher Thermal–Inflammatory Index values linked to colder wound beds and worse disease outcomes.
  • Moderate discrimination for predicting adverse outcomes (AUC 0.75) and prolonged hospitalization (AUC 0.71).
  • Each standard deviation increase in TI correlated with higher odds of adverse outcomes.
  • The simplified TI score showed clear trends in higher adverse outcomes and longer hospital stays.

Cite This Study

Molasy et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69ba428e4e9516ffd37a2e65https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14030680
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