What question did this study set out to answer?

To determine the effectiveness and feasibility of an individualised 6-month intervention for weight loss and cardiometabolic health compared to standard advice.

March 18, 2026Open Access

An individualised Lifestyle Intervention with Physical Activity and Diet in individuals with overweight and obesity (LI-PAD) —study protocol of a 6-month randomised controlled study 1a

Key Points

To determine the effectiveness and feasibility of an individualised 6-month intervention for weight loss and cardiometabolic health compared to standard advice.
Randomised controlled trial with 120 participants aged 45–65 years.
Participants allocated 1:1 to intervention or control groups.
Intervention includes tailored support for physical activity and diet.
Control group receives standard lifestyle advice.
Data analysis uses multilevel mixed modelling and intention-to-treat approach.
Expected significant weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in the intervention group.
Potential enhancement in health-related quality of life measured at follow-up.
Implementation of a novel approach through individualised lifestyle support in a clinical setting.

Abstract

Abstract Background Overweight and obesity increase the risk of cardiometabolic disease, and sustainable lifestyle change remains difficult to achieve. The primary objective of this randomised controlled trial will be to identify whether a 6-month individualised intervention in physical activity and diet, offering flexible support strategies, is effective and feasible and leads to larger improvements in weight loss, other cardiometabolic disease risk factors, and health-related quality of life compared with standard written lifestyle advice. Methods Eligible participants will be 45–65 years old men and women residing in the Gothenburg area, with a body mass index of ≥28 and <35. We intend to recruit 120 females and males, who are randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group will undergo a 6-month intervention of individually tailored support and guidance on lifestyle behaviours encompassing physical activity and dietary modifications. The control group will receive standard lifestyle advice based on general physical activity and dietary recommendations, respectively. The primary outcome measure will be weight loss from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. The study will be conducted at the Centre for Lifestyle Intervention, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Data analysis will employ multilevel mixed modelling for repeated measures, alongside linear and logistic analyses, adhering to an intention-to-treat approach. Discussion By addressing critical health metrics, such as weight, blood pressure, and physical activity, using individualised advice based on objective data, this intervention will move beyond a one-size-fits-all strategy when tackling complex behaviour change challenges in overweight and obesity management and reducing cardiometabolic disease risk. Introducing health promoters in a clinical setting will be a novel approach. Trial registration The study is prospectively registered on researchweb.org on 2 January 2024 (project number 281907) and subsequently at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06379802 on 9 February 2024 (approval number/ID: 2023-00546-01).

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