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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gradually transformed from a voluntary ethical practice to a structured legal obligation in India. Traditionally, many Indian business houses such as the Tata Group, Birla Group, and Bajaj Group engaged in philanthropy long before CSR became a formal concept. Their contributions toward education, healthcare, and social welfare were largely driven by moral values and a sense of responsibility toward society.
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Kumar et al. (2026) studied this question.
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