Grid-Integrated Power Management Strategy for EV Charging Infrastructure through V2G Dynamic Control

The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) poses a challenge to the electrical grid, leading to voltage instability and increased peak load stress. This study proposes a Weighted Average Power Estimator (WAPE)–based control strategy for real-time active and reactive power management of bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) chargers operating across all four quadrants. The method integrates instantaneous point-of-common-coupling (PCC) voltage and EV state of charge (SOC) with weighting functions to generate dynamic power references, avoiding predictive models or optimization loops. The controller is implemented in a distributed manner and tested on the IEEE 13 and IEEE 33-bus low-voltage networks under various disturbance conditions, including PV intermittency, sudden load changes, and simultaneous EV arrivals. Results demonstrate that the WAPE controller consistently maintains the PCC voltage within the prescribed 400–430 V range (with an average improvement of approximately 3.77%), enhances the voltage stability margin from 0.26 to 0.67 (a 157% increase), and reduces EV charging time by nearly 50% compared with uncontrolled charging. The controller also delivers strong reactive-power support and maintains robust performance across varying SOC levels and different network X/R ratios. The detailed simulation-based analysis confirms that WAPE provides a scalable, computationally efficient, and grid-supportive control framework suitable for both small and large distribution networks.