Comparison of Masticatory Efficiency in Implant-Supported Overdentures, Tooth-Supported Overdentures, and Conventional Complete Dentures: A Review

Masticatory efficiency is a critical determinant of oral function, nutritional status, and quality of life in edentulous patients. Conventional complete dentures (CDs) have long been the standard treatment modality; however, compromised retention and stability—particularly in the mandibular arch—often result in reduced chewing efficiency. Tooth-supported overdentures (TSODs) and implant-supported overdentures (ISODs) were introduced to overcome these limitations by preserving proprioception, enhancing retention, and improving neuromuscular control. This review aims to compare the masticatory efficiency of implant-supported overdentures, tooth-supported overdentures, and conventional complete dentures by synthesizing evidence from clinical and experimental studies. Outcomes assessed include masticatory performance, chewing cycles, bite force, particle size reduction, and patient-reported functional outcomes. The literature consistently demonstrates superior masticatory efficiency with implant-supported overdentures compared with conventional complete dentures, with tooth-supported overdentures showing intermediate benefits. Attachment design, number of implants, and evaluation methodology significantly influence outcomes. Overall, implant-supported overdentures provide the most favourable functional rehabilitation for edentulous patients.