Trends in Gastroschisis in the State of Paraná, Brazil: A Study of Incidence, Mortality, and Associated Factors (2013–2024)

This population-based study aimed to analyze the annual incidence and case fatality trends, and the clinical-epidemiological profile of gastroschisis in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between 2013 and 2024. Specifically, temporal trends in annual incidence and mortality rates related to gastroschisis were examined. Maternal, gestational, and neonatal characteristics were analyzed. Data from the Live Birth Information System and the Mortality Information System were analyzed using polynomial regression modeling. During the study period, 1,798,727 live births were recorded, including 491 cases of gastroschisis and 179 related deaths. The mean incidence was 2.73 per 10,000 live births. A significant 39.5% decrease over the study period was observed (p < 0.001). The case fatality rate was 36.5%. The mothers of children with gastroschisis were: young mothers (<25 years old; 77%), with low education (87.7%) and no partner (59.1%). High frequencies of cesarean deliveries (84.3%), prematurity (57.3%), low birth weight (63.7%), and low Apgar scores were also observed. The profiles of the mothers and children at birth were unfavorable when compared to the population of live births. Gastroschisis incidence in Paraná declined significantly from 2013 to 2024. While the annual incidence showed a decreasing trend, mortality fluctuated. The persistently high case fatality rate underscores the need for public policies focused on prenatal care and specialized neonatal management.