What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to evaluate the efficiency of a heat pump and thermal energy storage system in reducing energy costs and enhancing grid reliability.

March 21, 2026Building SimulationOpen Access

A nationwide assessment of energy flexibility from predictive-controlled heat pump and active thermal energy storage system for building electrification

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This analysis demonstrates energy flexibility in buildings via controlled heat pump systems, suggesting cost savings and improved grid impact.

The aim is to evaluate the efficiency of a heat pump and thermal energy storage system in reducing energy costs and enhancing grid reliability.
Conducted simulations using the EnergyPlus framework across multiple U.S. climates.
Utilized economic model predictive control (eMPC) for optimizing load shifting.
Assessed energy costs and operational efficiency with varying utility tariffs.
Achieved over 80% peak load shifting in several climates.
Obtained operating cost savings exceeding 40% in regions with high utility incentives.
Demonstrated effectiveness of eMPC for enhancing energy flexibility across different environments.

Liu et al. (2026) studied this question.

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This analysis demonstrates energy flexibility in buildings via controlled heat pump systems, suggesting cost savings and improved grid impact.