Analysis highlights dual use and smoking raise metabolic syndrome risk in younger adults, suggesting need for targeted interventions.
Dual use and cigarette smoking were associated with a higher likelihood of MetS, particularly among younger adults. Efforts are needed to reduce the misconception that EC/HTP products are less harmful alternatives and to strengthen education and prevention in order to prevent changes in tobacco use behavior from leading to new health risks.
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Kim et al. (2026) studied this question.
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