Key result
Smoking both conventional and electronic cigarettes is linked to ~302% higher metabolic syndrome odds in women.
Why the study?
Few studies have examined the gender-specific effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems on metabolic syndrome and its risk factors.
Does the type of cigarette smoked (conventional vs. electronic) or smoking history have a greater impact on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults?
Cross-Sectional (n=17,656)
Yes
Does the type of cigarette smoked (conventional vs. electronic) or smoking history have a greater impact on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults?
Effect estimate: OR 4.02 (95% CI 1.48-10.93)
p-value: p=0.006
Dual use of conventional and electronic cigarettes is significantly associated with higher odds of metabolic syndrome in women, while cumulative smoking history is the primary driver in men, highlighting sex-specific metabolic risks of smoking behaviors.
Dual smoking may raise metabolic syndrome odds in women; leaves open causality and generalizability beyond this cross-sectional sample.
Few studies have researched the gender-specific effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and/or its risk factors (central obesity, raised triglycerides, decreased HDL cholesterol, raised blood pressure, raised fasting plasma glucose). Thus, this study investigated the association between smoking behavior (cigarette type, smoking history) and MetS in a nationally representative sample of Korean men and women. Our study employed data for 5,462 cases of MetS and 12,194 controls from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) for the years 2014 to 2017. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the association between type of cigarette (non-smoker, ex-smoker, and current smoker-conventional only, current smoker-conventional and electronic) and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors. Smoking history was clinically quantified by pack-year. No association between cigarette type and MetS was found for men. For women, relative to non-smokers, smokers of conventional cigarettes (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.02-3.18) and both conventional and electronic cigarettes (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.48-10.93) had increased odds of MetS. While there was no association between smoking history and MetS for women, for men, conventional smoking history was associated with MetS for individuals with a smoking history of > 25 pack-years (> 25 to ≤ 37.5 OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04-2.02; > 37.5 to ≤ 50 OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08-2.18; > 50 OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.07-2.27). Sex differences were found in the association between smoking behavior and MetS. Such findings reveal sociodemographic differences that should be considered for interventions regarding conventional and/or e-cigarette users at risk of metabolic complications.
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Oh et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional in Metabolic syndrome (n=17,656). Current smoker (conventional and electronic cigarettes) vs. Non-smoker was evaluated on Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.48-10.93, p=0.006). For women, smoking both conventional and electronic cigarettes significantly increased the odds of metabolic syndrome compared to non-smokers (OR 4.02), whereas no association was found for men.
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