This paper examines cybersecurity threats related to introducing Virtual Reality (VR) interfaces into Industry 5.0 human-machine interaction systems. Utilizing the STRIDE methodology, the research identifies the threats landscape specific to VR-enabled industrial data platforms. A discrete event simulation model is developed to prioritize security countermeasures based on threat severity, mitigation effectiveness, mitigation cost, and risk appetite. The findings demonstrate that early detection and targeted mitigation execution significantly reduce high-impact cyberattack risks while optimizing security expenditure. The research proposes a secure-by-design approach that balances technological capabilities with human-centric operational requirements, addressing the unique challenges of implementing digital twins with VR interfaces in complex manufacturing environments. This analytics-driven approach provides implementation-ready guidelines for manufacturers transitioning to digitally-enabled production systems while maintaining business continuity and protecting sensitive industrial data.
Kozak et al. (2026) studied this question.