This review highlights strategies to improve charge transport and stability in inverted perovskite solar cells, suggesting promising future directions.
Inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a focal point in photovoltaic research, combining high efficiency with long-term stability and offering a strong potential for tandem integration. Their quasi-steady-state certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) now exceed 27%, surpassing those of their regular (n-i-p) counterparts. Here, we review recent advances in high-performance p-i-n PSCs, highlighting strategies for the selection and optimization of charge-transport layers, regulation of perovskite crystallization, and design of interface engineering. Finally, we discuss the significant breakthroughs in the stability of p-i-n PSCs and provide an outlook on future directions that may guide the next stage of device optimization, thereby laying the foundation for the large-scale implementation of perovskite photovoltaics.
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Liu et al. (2026) studied this question.
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