Research reports how arrival age and export focus affect financial success in immigrant-led businesses, suggesting competitive benefits from dual identities.
• Examine how the arrival age and export orientation jointly influence the financial performance of immigrant-led SMEs. • 1.5-generation immigrants outperform adult-arrivals, both when targeting their country of origin and other foreign markets. • The advantage is amplified under greater institutional distance between the country of residence and country of origin. • 1.5-generation immigrant entrepreneurs can turn their “between two shores” identity into a competitive advantage.
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Ye et al. (2026) studied this question.
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