The Effect of Pre-Procedural Education on State Anxiety Levels in Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy: Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of structured, procedure-specific, nurse-led pre-procedural education on state anxiety levels in patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Material and Methods: This randomized controlled, pretestposttest quasi-experimental study with a control group included 80 patients admitted to the hematology clinic or outpatient unit of a university hospital for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=40) or control group (n=40). Data were collected using a sociodemographic form and the State Anxiety Inventory. The intervention group received training using the Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy Educational Brochure. Data were collected face-to-face before the procedure, and the State Anxiety Inventory was re-administered after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, independent-samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test. Results: In both groups, 67.5% of participants were male. Most participants were aged ≥65 years, had at least a high school education, and had previous biopsy experience. Leukemia was the most common diagnosis. In the intervention group, post-procedural state anxiety scores were significantly lower than pre-procedural scores (54.0±3.7 vs 48.7±4.1; p<0.05). Anxiety reduction was also significant according to several individual and clinical characteristics (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Nurse-led pre-procedural education significantly reduced state anxiety in patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy and should be integrated into routine clinical care.