Use of Antihypertensives, Blood Pressure, and Estimated Risk of Dementia in Late Life

Figure 1.. Association of Hypertension (HTN) and Antihypertensive Status With the Risk of All-Cause Dementia The x-axis is in log2 scale. The main analysis (partially adjusted) included covariates of age, age squared, sex, education, and racial group. The fully adjusted analysis included additional covariates of body mass index, smoking status, history of hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. Each of the other analyses applied the partially adjusted model. The P values show the size of the interaction effect for age, sex, and racial group with treated HTN (compared with healthy controls) and untreated HTN (compared with healthy controls). Age was treated as a continuous variable, sex as a categorical variable, and racial group as a categorical variable with 3 major groups (Asian, Black, and White). The P values show the significance of the interaction term. The interaction P values used White participants as the main comparison group in the racial analysis (as this was the largest group included). HR indicates hazard ratio.

Figure 2.. The Associations of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) With Dementia Risk In all models, SBP and DBP were centered at the overall mean (SBP: 140 mm Hg; DBP: 80 mm Hg), and all hazard ratios (HRs) represent within-group risk relative to this overall mean; shading indicates 95% CI. A restricted cubic splines model was applied. The partially adjusted analysis included the covariates of age, age squared, sex, education, racial group, and a random effect for study. The fully adjusted analysis included additional covariates of body mass index, smoking status, history of hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes.