Demonstrates a multistep frequency conversion process in semiconductor metasurfaces, suggesting new optical applications.
Interaction of light with spatiotemporally modulated structures enables dynamic transformation of both the momentum and frequency of light. However, the efficiency of a single-step transformation is limited by the strength of the perturbation. Here, we use a nonlocal mode in a semiconductor metasurface, modulated by two pump beams shifted relative to each other in both space and time, to demonstrate a ladder process─momentum conversion followed by frequency conversion─thus allowing the system to walk along its dispersion curve. Our results highlight both the prospects and the challenges of realizing a multistep frequency conversion cascade in optics.
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Shilkin et al. (2026) studied this question.
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