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The aim was to determine the presence and levels of antibiotic residues in animal-food matrices and methods used for detection.

Antibiotic Residues in Animal-Food Matrices in the Southern Africa Development Community: A Systematic Review

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The aim was to determine the presence and levels of antibiotic residues in animal-food matrices and methods used for detection.
Systematic review of literature from 1976 to 2025
Screened 3,742 papers, with 31 included after quality assessment
Random effects meta-analysis of 10,258 animal-food matrix samples
Utilized various methods including microbial inhibition tests and chromatography
28.1% of samples tested positive for antibiotic residues
Goat milk (99.6%) and fish (98.5%) showed the highest residue levels
37.9% of tetracycline residues exceeded maximum residue limits
Overall mean prevalence of antibiotic residues was 52.1% in meat and 26.0% in milk

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Systematic review reveals high levels of antibiotic residues in animal-food matrices, indicating urgent regulatory action is needed.

Zulu et al. (2026) studied this question.

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