Demonstration evaluates acidity in benzoic acid derivatives, suggesting a deeper understanding of electronic effects.
This work describes a simple demonstration of the Hammett constant for p-substituted benzoic acid derivatives from pH solution measurements. The procedure is based on the difference in the pH of benzoic acid and p-substituted benzoic acid solutions. The pHH – pHX values as a function of the Hammett constant (σX) show a good correlation. The experiment helps undergraduate students understand the Hammett equation and the electronic effects of substituent groups on the ionization of benzoic acids.
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Cincotto et al. (2010) studied this question.
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