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A project-based approach demonstrates effective use of X-ray powder diffraction in undergraduate chemistry education, enhancing learning outcomes.
X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) is an important technique that is underutilized in undergraduate curricula. We describe a project-based experiment for undergraduate chemistry, where students worked together in teams to synthesize layered zirconium phosphate and intercalate methylamine into the interlayer space. Students fingerprint their product by comparing the collected diffraction pattern to known substances in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF) database. Monitoring the process of intercalation using XRPD enabled students to learn about the relationship of d-spacing and the θ angle in the Bragg’s equation. Data included herein can be adapted to a simple dry laboratory exercise.
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Hsu et al. (2016) studied this question.
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