Agromorphological traits associated with high yield potential in 21 Robusta coffee accessions from Indonesia

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) is typically grown in mid-altitude areas, although some varieties are well adapted to higher elevations.This study aimed to identify vegetative and generative morphological traits determining high yield in 21 local coffee accessions from Pagar Alam Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia.Agronomic traits and yield were analysed using ANOVA and multivariate approaches.The results showed that vegetative architecture, particularly long primary branches and numerous secondary branches, was a key determinant of high yield.One superior accession, characterized by extensive branching, exhibited outstanding generative performance, including high 100-bean weight, optimal seed production, and a high percentage of normal fruits.Strong positive correlations between vegetative and generative traits highlight the importance of agromorphological characteristics for early identification of superior accessions.These findings provide a practical framework for selecting superior Robusta coffee accessions in breeding programs.