When Neuromuscular Weakness Is Not Chemotherapy‑Related: Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II Diagnosed After Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Onset in a 1‐Year‐Old Child: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

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Key Points

To highlight a rare diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy type II in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Reviewed the clinical history of a 1-year-old presenting with neuromuscular weakness.
Conducted diagnostic assessments to differentiate between causes of weakness.
Reviewed existing literature on similar cases and outcomes.
Confirmed diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy type II after ruling out chemotherapy-related causes.
Discussion of differential diagnosis contributed to understanding misdiagnosis.
Emphasized the importance of thorough evaluation in pediatric cases involving neuromuscular symptoms.

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A case report reveals spinal muscular atrophy misdiagnosed as chemotherapy-related weakness, suggesting important diagnostic considerations.

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Romani et al. (2026) studied this question.

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