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This article investigates how Japanese Buddhists reinterpreted the European Reformation for their own renewal during the late nineteenth century.

Luther Goes East: Buddhism and the Protestant Reformation in 1880s Japan

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This article investigates how Japanese Buddhists reinterpreted the European Reformation for their own renewal during the late nineteenth century.
Analyzed historical texts and essays comparing German Protestantism and Japanese Buddhism.
Examined the contributions of early figures and intellectuals in late 19th-century Japan.
Investigated the framing of Protestantism by Japanese Buddhists as a progressive force.
Japanese Buddhists emphasized parallels between their traditions and the Protestant Reformation.
Key figures integrated social evolutionism into Buddhist discourse, advocating modernization.
The concept of 'New Buddhism' emerged, focusing on progress, lay participation, and individual faith.

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This article examines how Japanese Buddhists appropriated the Protestant Reformation for their renewal, highlighting important cultural shifts.

Orion Klautau (2026) studied this question.

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This article examines how Japanese Buddhists appropriated the Protestant Reformation for their renewal, highlighting important cultural shifts.