Reliable communication in underwater environ- ments is challenging due to the strong attenuation of radio- frequency signals and the limitations of acoustic communication methods. This research presents a Li-Fi based underwater mon- itoring system designed to transmit environmental sensor data through optical communication. The proposed system employs two microcontroller nodes for transmitting and receiving data through modulated light signals. The transmitter unit collects parameters such as turbidity, pH level, temperature, water level, and flow rate. These measurements are encoded and transmitted through a light-emitting diode. At the receiver side, a photodiode detects the optical signal and converts it into electrical form for decoding and display. The system further integrates IoT functionality using a NodeMCU module for re- mote cloud monitoring and GSM communication for emergency alerts. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed optical communication method provides reliable short-range underwater data transmission with low interference and improved data rate compared to conventional communication methods
Sumalatha et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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