Evaluation of Triglyceride-Glucose Index, Insulin Resistance, and Lipid Level in Turkish Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: This study aimed to elucidate the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C), total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C), and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) indices in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Moreover, we aimed to determine whether the TyG index and traditional lipid parameters could serve as indicators of insulin resistance (IR) in Turkish women. Methods: 68 patients diagnosed with PCOS who presented to the gynecology outpatient clinic of our hospital between January 2020 and June 2023 were examined retrospectively. Patients were diagnosed according to the 2003 Rotterdam criteria. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1-c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) were obtained from hospital records. Results: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to examine patients’ differential effects on body mass index (BMI), TyG index, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C values. A HOMA-IR value of ≥2.5 was considered a reference during these calculations. The area under the curve (AUC) and limit values for the other parameters were as follows: the TyG index was 83.8% and >4.41, the TG/HDL-C ratio was 81.7% and >1.44, and the TC/HDL-C ratio was 62.2% and >3.29. BMI and TC/HDL-C demonstrated moderate discriminatory power (AUC 70%–80%), whereas TyG index and TG/HDL-C showed strong discriminatory power (AUC 80%–90%). LDL-C/HDL-C was not statistically significant in predicting IR. Conclusion: TyG index, TG/HDL-C ratio, and TC/HDL-C ratio may serve as useful indicators of IR in patients with PCOS.