Antidiabetic Potential of Brewed Arabica Coffee: Modulation of GLUT4, Insulin, and Glucagon in STZ‐Induced Rats

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired glucose regulation. Brewed Arabica coffee (BAC, Coffea arabica L.) is widely consumed and contains bioactive compounds that have been associated with metabolic regulation, providing a rationale for investigating its potential effects on glucose homeostasis. This study investigated the antidiabetic potential of BAC in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into normal, diabetic, and BAC‐treated diabetic groups (400 and 1200 mg/kg BW) for 28 days. Serum insulin, GLUT4, glucagon, and cortisol were assessed by ELISA. Compared with the diabetic control group, BAC significantly reduced glucose levels, with greater efficacy observed at the dose of 1200 mg/kg ( p = 0.001). BAC treatment also improved GLUT4 and insulin concentrations and decreased glucagon and cortisol concentrations compared with the diabetic control group ( p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed negative associations between glucose and both GLUT4 ( r = −0.96) and insulin ( r = −0.91) and positive correlations with glucagon ( r = 0.89) and cortisol ( r = 0.92). These findings demonstrate that BAC improves glucose regulation by modulating GLUT4, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol in streptozotocin‐induced rats. Although both doses were effective, the higher dose produced superior metabolic outcomes. BAC may serve as a potential antidiabetic agent, warranting further investigation.