Development of a stress-coping scale for Japanese elementary school students facing motor learning difficulties in physical education

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure coping strategies employed by elementary school students in situations of motor learning difficulties during physical education classes and to examine its reliability and validity. A total of 136 students in grades 4–6 from municipal elementary schools in N Prefecture, Japan, participated in a questionnaire survey, which included a provisional stress coping scale, administered using the collective survey method. Based on analyses including Cronbach’s α coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis, a Stress Coping Scale with demonstrated reliability and validity was developed.