Use of the MUSLE equation calibrated with drone images to analyze sediment dynamics in a mining area

In mining environments, erosion and sediment transport can generate significant downstream impacts. A comprehensive understanding of these processes is therefore essential for designing effective control and mitigation strategies. This study examined sediment deposition dynamics in drainage channels within a mining area during a single rainfall event. The Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE), calibrated with drone-based photogrammetric data, was applied to estimate sediment yield in sub-basins of the Germano Dam catchment (Mariana, Minas Gerais), currently undergoing decommissioning. Surface runoff and sediment discharge were incorporated into a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model (RiverFlow2D®) to simulate flood routing and bedload transport throughout the channel network. Results indicated minimal sediment deposition during the 2-year return period event, except in the Chico Basin channels, where sediment input from the Germano Pit promoted accumulation. Overall, the study highlights the potential of integrating empirical models, numerical simulations, and geospatial technologies to assess siltation in hydraulic systems in mining areas, particularly under conditions where in situ monitoring is limited.