Research Progress, Challenges and Trends of Safety Protection Technology for Wireless Charging Systems of Electric Vehicles

Wireless charging technology for electric vehicles is an important direction for future development due to its convenience,but its inherent strong electromagnetic field environment raises multiple safety concerns, including electromagnetic exposure,foreign object overheating, electrical faults, and electromagnetic interference to sensitive equipment. This paper systematically reviews the research progress, core challenges and future trends of safety protection technologies for wireless charging systems of electric vehicles. First, the paper reviews the current research status at home and abroad, pointing out that the current research is mostly focused on efficiency optimization, while there are still deficiencies in the research on systematic, active and intelligent comprehensive safety solutions. Secondly, this paper analyzes in detail the principles, effects and limitations of various protection technologies from the three key technical fields of electromagnetic radiation protection, thermal management and overheat protection, electrical isolation and fault diagnosis, and points out that integration and intelligence are the main development directions at present. Further, this paper dissects the core challenges in this field, such as multi-objective collaborative optimization, dynamic scene adaptability, and standardized compatibility. Finally, the paper looks forward to future trends, arguing that intelligent adaptive protection that integrates artificial intelligence and edge computing, new material and structural innovations, and vehicle-level system security architectures will be key to breaking through existing bottlenecks and promoting the large-scale commercial application of wireless charging technology. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive technical reference and direction for subsequent research and engineering practice.