Utilization and Processing of Coal Ash and Slag Waste in the Context of Achieving the Goals of Sustainable Development: The Experience of the Russian Federation and China

Coal ash and slag waste generated from coal combustion at thermal power plants is considered as a promising technogenic resource. A comparative analysis of approaches to the utilization and processing of ash and slag waste (ASW) in China and Russia is presented. The high level of ASW integration into production chains in China due to well-developed regulatory frameworks, technological innovations, and integration with consuming industries is highlighted. Despite existing initiatives and strategic documents, the ASW processing rates remain low in Russia. Key barriers are identified, including the territorial disbalance between waste generation sources and demanding regions, insufficient economic incentives, and logistical difficulties. The need to adapt the Chinese experience taking Russian circumstances into account is noted.