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April 4, 2026World Journal of Surgical OncologyOpen Access

Immune-inflammatory indices as predictors of pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

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Authors

MSMohammadsadra ShamohammadiYGYasaman GholinezhadFAFereshte Abdolvand

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Overview

Systematic review shows inflammatory indices predict pathologic complete response in locally advanced rectal cancer, indicating potential for risk stratification.

Key Points

  • This research aims to evaluate if blood-based inflammatory indices can predict pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer.
  • Conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Included observational studies of adult patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
  • Analyzed neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune-inflammation indices related to pathologic complete response.
  • Used random-effects models to determine pooled odds ratios and assessed heterogeneity.
  • Higher pre-nCRT NLR associated with reduced odds of pathologic complete response (pooled OR 0.60).
  • High PLR predicted lower pathologic complete response rates (pooled OR 0.53).
  • Higher SII similarly correlated with lower odds of achieving pathologic complete response (pooled OR 0.42).
  • Findings were consistent across various cut-off values and geographic regions.

Cite This Study

Shamohammadi et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d0ae68659487ece0fa45b7https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-026-04328-0
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1A Retrospective Study of a Postoperative Inflammation-Based Score for Predicting Disease-Free Survival in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy2026 · 1 citations
  2. 2Association of Pretreatment Immune-Inflammatory Biomarkers with Pathological Tumor Regression Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer2026
  3. 3Breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Pre-treatment NLR, PLR, LMR, and SII do not predict pathological complete response or residual cancer burden2026 · 1 citations
  4. 4New Parameters That May Predict Tumor Regression and Survival in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer2025
  5. 5Prognostic Significance of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Complete Pathological Response in Rectal Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy2024 · 4 citations