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This research aims to characterize the phenotypic changes in circulating tumor plasma cells throughout the progression of multiple myeloma.

April 4, 2026HaematologicaOpen Access

Phenotypic evolution of circulating plasma cells from early precursor stages to multiple myeloma

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Comprehensive examination of circulating plasma cells reveals changes in markers across multiple myeloma stages, suggesting diagnostic potential.

This research aims to characterize the phenotypic changes in circulating tumor plasma cells throughout the progression of multiple myeloma.
Analyzed 113 PBMC samples from MGUS, SMM, NDMM, treated MM, and healthy controls using spectral flow cytometry.
Defined circulating tumor plasma cells phenotypically as CD45-CD38highCD56+.
Compared paired bone marrow samples from NDMM patients to assess marker expression variations.
Identified upregulation of CD38 and CD56 in NDMM along with loss of B-, myeloid-, and T-cell markers.
Observed higher expressions of HLA-ABC and interleukin receptor subunits in NDMM plasma cells.
Found a reversed expression pattern of CD25 and CD123 in treated MM, indicating changes in immune evasion.

Pietzsch et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Comprehensive examination of circulating plasma cells reveals changes in markers across multiple myeloma stages, suggesting diagnostic potential.