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This research aims to investigate the redox-related effects of a mineral-rich mud extract on specific cell lines.

April 4, 2026AntioxidantsOpen Access

In Vitro Evaluation of Redox-Associated Responses Induced by Mud Extract in L929 and RAW 264.7 Cells

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This research aims to investigate the redox-related effects of a mineral-rich mud extract on specific cell lines.
In vitro exploration with L929 and RAW 264.7 cells
Assessment of cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species levels
Measurement of antioxidant enzyme activities
RT-qPCR analysis for gene expression
Standardized conditions for mud extract preparations.
Mud extract showed no cytotoxicity up to 1000 μg/mL.
Reactive oxygen species levels remained near baseline during tests.
Antioxidant responses increased in RAW 264.7 cells, particularly SOD, CAT, and GPx activities.
Upregulation of Nrf2 and HO-1 transcripts observed, mainly in RAW 264.7 cells.

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Exploratory in vitro investigation shows antioxidant responses in macrophages using a mud extract, suggesting redox modulation.

Kim et al. (2026) studied this question.

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