Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is strongly linked to obesity, less is known about nutritional and biochemical alterations among eutrophic individuals with the disorder. This study aimed to evaluate nutrition-related biochemical markers in eutrophic adults living in São Paulo and examine their association with OSA severity. This cross-sectional analysis used data from the 4 th edition of the EPISONO, a population-based study. Participants underwent polysomnography, blood sample analysis, and lifestyle questionnaires. From an initial sample of 769 participants, 23.9% were eutrophic adults aged 20-59 years. Participants were classified as no OSA, mild OSA, or moderate-to-severe OSA. The Kruskal-Wallis test and generalized linear models (GzLM) were applied. Individuals with moderate-to-severe OSA exhibited higher concentrations of very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides compared with those without OSA, while zinc levels differed across OSA severity groups. In the total sample, higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) values were independently associated with higher VLDL and triglyceride levels and lower magnesium concentrations after full adjustment. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that lipid markers and zinc were linked to AHI in women, whereas magnesium was inversely associated with AHI in men. These findings suggest that metabolic and nutrition-related differences may coexist with OSA even in individuals within the eutrophic range and may exhibit distinct sex-specific patterns. In eutrophic adults from the 4 th edition of the EPISONO cohort, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity showed significant differences in VLDL, triglycerides, and zinc levels. In generalized linear models (GzLM) using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), higher VLDL and triglyceride levels and lower magnesium concentrations were observed in the total sample, independent of adiposity. In sex-stratified analyses, lower magnesium levels were identified in males, while higher VLDL and triglyceride levels, and lower zinc concentrations were observed in females. • Eutrophic adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) show alterations in lipid and mineral biomarkers. • Moderate-to-severe OSA is linked to higher very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride levels. • Higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is independently associated with increased VLDL and triglycerides and lower magnesium concentrations. • Sex-stratified analyses show distinct patterns: magnesium is inversely associated with AHI in men, whereas VLDL, triglycerides, and zinc are significantly associated with AHI in women.
Schimenes et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: