Why the study?
Cardiac lead perforation presents diagnostic and therapeutic hurdles due to varied clinical presentations and a lack of established criteria, despite improvements in lead design and insertion procedures.
Cardiac lead perforation is a serious complication requiring high clinical suspicion, multimodality imaging for diagnosis, and individualized management ranging from observation to surgical intervention.
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Alerts clinicians to key perforation risks during implantation; leaves open need for prospective validation of these factors.
Awashra et al. (2025) studied this question.
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