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This review explores the biological mechanisms contributing to atrial fibrillation and its electrophysiological substrates.

Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation: A Translational Appraisal

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This review explores the biological mechanisms contributing to atrial fibrillation and its electrophysiological substrates.
Reviewed literature on morphological and electrophysiological changes related to atrial fibrillation.
Synthesized findings from animal models and in vitro experiments to understand human conditions.
Discussed implications for future therapeutic interventions and research directions.
Aging and structural heart disease lead to atrial remodeling characterized by myocyte hypertrophy and tissue fibrosis.
Shortening of atrial refractoriness and local conduction heterogeneities increase the likelihood of AF episodes.
Challenges in directly demonstrating these mechanisms in patients highlight the complexity of AF pathophysiology.

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Diverse AF etiologies complicate therapy development; leaves open patient-specific mechanistic targets for prospective validation.

Schotten et al. (2011) studied this question.

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