Adipokines as Cardioprotective Factors: BAT Steps Up to the Plate

Figures

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  Figure 1. General schematic of factors secreted from BAT (batokines) with effects on multiple organs. Batokines appear to be uniformly beneficial in organ systems studied thus far [28]. Created in BioRender.com.

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  Figure 2. BAT directly and favorably modifies cardiac function through the secretion of batokines. The BAT secretome operates through at least four types of secreted molecules. These include the proteins FGF21 and NRG4, the lipokine 12,13-diHOME, and a set of miRNAs. Mechanisms of action include those that are indicated under the 4 factors diagrammed. Stimuli that activate BAT include exercise and cold exposure, both of which operate systemically and by direct targeting of multiple organ systems. See list of abbreviations for definitions of abbreviations used in the diagram. Created in BioRender.com. ↑ increased, ↓ decreased.