Default mode and salience network alterations in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in adolescents with depression

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Intrinsic networks derived from group ICA. Maps were thresholded at t68 > 3.93 (α = 0.0001). All views and coordinates are presented in radiological convention. CEN includes dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule, DMN-A includes anterior medial prefrontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and cingulate gyrus, DMN-P includes posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and inferior parietal lobule, DMN-V includes middle temporal lobe, hippocampus/parahippocampal region, and posterior cingulate cortex, SN-ACC includes dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula, SN-Ins includes mid- and posterior insula, striatum, and somatosensory cortex; CEN-L = left central executive network; CEN-R = right central executive network; DMN-A = anterior default mode network; DMN-P = posterior default mode network; DMN-V = ventral default mode network; SN-ACC = dorsal anterior cingulate cortex-based salience network; SN-Ins=insula-based salience network.

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  Fig. 2. Network coherence patterns associated with suicidal ideation. SI+ exhibited significantly lower network coherence in DMN-A (a), DMN-P (b), DMN-V (c), SN-Ins (d) compared to CTL. SI+ exhibited significantly lower network coherence in DMN-V compared to SI− (c). SI− exhibited significantly lower network coherence in DMN-P compared to CTL (b). For the purposes of visualization, all box plots depict raw data without adjustment of covariates. See Table 2 and S1 for more details. DMN-A anterior default mode network, DMN-P posterior default mode network, DMN-V ventral default mode network, SI suicidal ideation, CTL healthy controls, SN-Ins Salience Network-Insula. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (uncorrected).

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  Fig. 3. Network coherence patterns associated with non-suicidal self-injury. NSSI+ exhibited significantly lower network coherence in DMN-A (a), DMN-P (b), DMN-V (c), SN-Ins (d) compared to CTL. NSSI+ exhibited significantly lower network coherence in DMN-A (a), DMN-V (c), and SN-Ins (d) compared to NSSI−. NSSI− exhibited significantly lower network coherence in DMN-P (b) compared to CTL. For the purposes of visualization, all box plots depict raw data without adjustment of covariates. See Table 3 and S2 for more details. DMN-A anterior default mode network, DMN-P posterior default mode network, DMN-V ventral default mode network, NSSI non-suicidal self-injury, CTL healthy controls, SN-Ins Salience Network-Insula. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (uncorrected).

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  Fig. 4. Between network connectivity associated with non-suicidal self-injury. NSSI+ exhibited significantly higher connectivity between the left (a) and right (b) CEN and DMN-P compared to NSSI− and CTL. NSSI+ exhibited significantly higher connected between the left CEN and DMN-V (c) compared to NSSI− but not CTL. CEN central executive network, DMN-P posterior default mode network, DMN-V Ventral Default Mode Network, NSSI non-suicidal self-injury, CTL healthy controls. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (uncorrected).