Smart Wearables for Cardiac Monitoring—Real-World Use beyond Atrial Fibrillation

Figures

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  Figure 1. Generic advantages and disadvantages of wearables for monitoring of cardiac arrhythmia.

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  Figure 2. Examples of photoplethysmography (PPG) recordings for ventricular bigeminy and atrial flutter. The top graph shows PPG signals of a 60-s recording. The bottom-left tachogram displays all consecutive pulse signal intervals. For ventricular bigeminy, it can be seen that there are heart beats with alternating intervals. For atrial flutter, the heart rate is rapid with an average of 146 bpm. The Lorenz plot provides a visual representation for clustering patterns.

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  Figure 3. The figure shows a standard ECG (A) and a compared “12-lead equivalent ECG” (B) from the same patient using 2 electrodes connected to a smartphone associated sensor as shown (C) that obtains multiple sequential single-lead ECG measurements that was used in the St. Leuis trial. A next-generation concept for improved detection from AliveCor (Mountainview, CA, USA) is shown in (D) for smart phone-based cordless detection of STEMI with direct lead equivalents annotated. (Figures (A–C) are courtesy of Dr. Brent Muhlestein and Viet Le. Figure (D) is courtesy of Dr. Dave Alpert).

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  Figure 4. Implementation of wearables may facilitate the transition from hospital-based to home care (created with BioRender.com, accessed on 2 April 2021).