Coronary heart disease and heart failure in asthma, COPD and asthma-COPD overlap

Figures

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  Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier curves comparing risk of coronary heart disease for different phenotypes of obstructive airway disease in the Copenhagen General Population Study. (A) Asthma with early onset or late-onset versus no respiratory disease. (B) COPD with FEV1<50%, COPD with FEV1≥50%, versus no respiratory disease. (C) ACO with late-onset asthma and FEV1≥50%, ACO with early onset asthma and FEV1≥50%, COPD with FEV1≥50%, vs no respiratory disease. (D) ACO with late-onset asthma and FEV1<50%, ACO with early onset asthma and FEV1<50%, COPD with FEV1<50%, versus no respiratory disease. ACO, asthma-COPD overlap; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.

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  Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier curves comparing risk of heart failure for different phenotypes of obstructive airway disease in the Copenhagen General Population Study. (A) Asthma with early onset or late-onset versus no respiratory disease. (B) COPD and FEV1<50%, COPD and FEV1≥50%, versus no respiratory disease. (C) ACO with late-onset asthma and FEV1≥50%, ACO with early onset asthma and FEV1≥50%, COPD with FEV1≥50%, versus no respiratory disease. D) ACO with late-onset asthma and FEV1<50%, ACO with early onset asthma and FEV1<50%, COPD with FEV1<50%, versus no respiratory disease. ACO, asthma-COPD overlap; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.

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  Figure 3. Risk of hospitalisations for coronary heart disease or heart failure in the Copenhagen General Population Study, by eight phenotypes of airway disease with no respiratory disease as reference. Percentages are Kaplan-Meier estimates. Individuals with asthma are divided by early onset versus late-onset using 40 years of age as cut point. Left part shows coronary heart disease and right part shows heart failure. Top-down: base model or multivariable model (‘Age and sex adjusted model‘ or ‘Multivariable adjusted model’). Left to right: the number of participants included (‘No. of Participants’), number of events recorded during follow-up (“Events No.’), HR from Cox-regression analyses with 95% CIs (“Hazard Ratio (95% CI)"). Online supplementary table S1 shows details of variables included in multivariable modelling. ACO, asthma-COPD overlap; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.

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  Figure 4. Risk of hospitalisations for coronary heart disease or heart failure in the Copenhagen General Population Study, by eight phenotypes of airway disease with no respiratory disease as reference. Percentages are Kaplan-Meier estimates. Individuals with asthma are divided by presence of allergy. Left part shows coronary heart disease and right part shows heart failure. Top-down: base model or multivariable model (‘Age and sex adjusted model’ or ‘Multivariable adjusted model’). Left to right: the number of participants included (‘No. of Participants’), number of events recorded during follow-up (‘Events No.’), HR from Cox-regression analyses with 95% CIs (‘Hazard Ratio (95% CI)’). Online supplementary table S1 shows details of variables included in multivariable modelling. ACO, asthma-COPD overlap; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.