Methodological review examines design and validation strategies for food-frequency questionnaires in nutritional studies, highlighting frameworks to assess dietary intake without a gold standard.
FFQs are being used in a variety of ways and different study designs. There is no gold standard for directly assessing the validity of FFQs. Nevertheless, the outcome of this review should help those wishing to develop or adapt an FFQ to validate it for its intended use.
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Cade et al. (2002) studied this question.
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