High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Middle-Aged and Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial of the Acute Effects of Treadmill Walking on Glycemic Control

Figure 1. Sample flow chart.

Figure 2. Time sequence of laboratory procedures. Drop of blood: capillary blood glucose monitoring; Apple: meal; Walking individual: exercise session.

Figure 3. Capillary blood glucose values (mg/dL) during laboratory procedures: fasting state; immediately before (baseline), during (10, 20 and 30 min), and immediately after the experimental conditions (40 min); and during recovery periods (50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 min). CON: control; HIIT: high intensity interval training; MICT: moderate intensity continuous training. A significant time*condition interaction effect (two-way ANOVA with repeated measures) was identified for BG values evolution (F = 11.783; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.517). Significant differences were observed (post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni adjustments) between HIIT and CON (p < 0.001), between MICT and CON (p < 0.001), and between HIIT and MICT (p = 0.017).

Figure 4. Capillary blood glucose values (mg/dL) during ambulatory follow-up periods: before each meal and next day fasting state. CON: control; HIIT: high intensity interval training; MICT: moderate intensity continuous training. No significant time*condition interaction effect (two-way ANOVA with repeated measures) was identified for BG values evolution (F = 0.348; p = 0.944; ηp2 = 0.031).