Changes of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in dogs with different stages of heart failure

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Cytokine results in dogs of different stages of heart failure: Stage A, Stage B2, Stage C and Stage D. IL, interleukin; IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; KC-like, keratinocyte-derived chemokine; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor–alpha; IFN-γ, interferon–gamma. Red and blue colors represent data from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), respectively

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  Fig. 2. Values of C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp) and ferritin in dogs with different stages of heart failure: Stage A, Stage B2, Stage C and Stage D. The plots show median, 25th and 75th percentiles. Red and blue colors represent data from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), respectively

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  Fig. 3. Serum concentrations of keratinocyte chemotactic like (KC-like) (a), C-reactive protein (CRP) (b), haptoglobin (Hp) (c) and paraoxanase-1 (PON-1) (d), before (n = 5) and 2 weeks after the treatments (n = 5) in stage D of chronic heart failure. * P < 0.05 ** P < 0.01

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  Fig. 4. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and thiol concentrations in serum of dogs with different stages of heart failure: Stage A, Stage B2, Stage C and Stage D. The plots show median, 25th and 75th percentiles. Red and blue colors represent data from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), respectively

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  Fig. 5. Serum concentrations of trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (a), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) (b) and thiol (c), before (n = 5) and 2 weeks after the treatments (n = 5) in stage D of chronic heart failure. * P < 0.05