Developing the SPARC (Senior Participation: Antecedents, Regulation, and Consequences) Framework of Senior Sports Participation

Key Points

• The study aims to systematically analyze key factors affecting senior sports participation and propose the SPARC framework.
• Analyzed 106 domestic literature on senior sports using the Gioia methodology.
• Categorized primary concepts into secondary themes and core categories based on similarities.
• Utilized self-determination theory, health belief model, and socio-ecological model for theoretical alignment.
• Derived 8 core categories related to senior sports participation.
• Identified 4 antecedent factors: intrinsic motivation, relationship-based motivation, institutional incentives, environmental barriers.
• Established 2 moderating factors: interpersonal-based moderation and institutional/environment-based moderation.
• Determined 2 outcome factors: psychological outcomes and physical outcomes.