Upfront surgery improves outcomes in cT3 rectal cancer, suggesting risk factors for recurrence and metastasis.
Upfront surgery yielded favorable outcomes in selected low-risk cT3 rectal cancer patients. Mesorectal violation was most consistently associated with LR, though estimates were limited by the small number of events. DM appeared to be primarily driven by tumor biology (CEA and pN), with mesorectal violation and involved pCRM as possible secondary factors. These findings warrant validation in larger prospective cohorts.
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Hung et al. (2026) studied this question.
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