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April 10, 2026Journal of Translational Internal MedicineOpen Access

Novel insights from a large cohort: Elucidating incidence, risk factors, treatment, and prognostic predictors in autoimmune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

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Authors

ZAZhuoyu AnLZLiqian ZHANGPZPeng Zhao

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Overview

A retrospective nested case-control study reveals risk factors and treatment responses in autoimmune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, guiding clinical...

Key Points

  • The study aims to clarify the incidence, risk factors, treatment responses, and prognostic markers for autoimmune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
  • Conducted a retrospective nested case-control study at Peking University People's Hospital.
  • Enrolled 61 patients with post-allo-HSCT autoimmune hemolytic anemia and matched them with AIHA-free recipients.
  • Analyzed treatment modalities and responses for AIHA patients.
  • Utilized Cox regression analyses to identify risk factors, predictors of relapse, and mortality.
  • Post-allo-HSCT AIHA incidence was found to be 0.72%.
  • 14 patients (22.95%) died mainly due to severe infection-related complications during follow-up.
  • Identified unrelated donor status as a significant risk factor (HR 2.323, P = 0.027) and a prior history of acute graft-versus-host disease as protective (HR 0.340, P = 0.001).
  • Corticosteroid and rituximab treatment increased response likelihood significantly (P = 0.003).
  • Found correlations between mononuclear cell count and AIHA relapse, and age, LDH, and CRP levels with mortality risk.

Cite This Study

An et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d893a86c1944d70ce04af1https://doi.org/10.1515/jtim-2026-0030
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Post-HCT Autoimmunity in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency or Immune Dysregulation2026
  2. 2Donor vs. Donor or Recipient vs. Recipient? A Singular Case of Post Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in a Pediatric Patient2024
  3. 3Real-world evidence from China: Clinical characteristics, treatment landscape and long-term outcomes in 566 autoimmune hemolytic anemia patients2025
  4. 4Clinical features and prognostic factors of adult autoimmune hemolytic anemia2023
  5. 5Outcomes of patients with hematological malignancies complicated with autoimmune diseases after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A ten-year real-world study2026