Current trends of biologic therapies in uveitis and scleritis

The management of non-infectious uveitis and scleritis continues to evolve. These conditions are often characterized by recurrent, uncontrolled inflammatory flare-ups that can progressively damage the eye’s structure and function in a “sawtooth” pattern, potentially leading to irreversible vision loss and even blindness. As such, treatment should aim to provide sustained control of inflammation while minimizing the long-term adverse effects of therapy. The success of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors in treating rheumatologic inflammatory diseases marked the beginning of a new “biologic era” in medicine. Biologic therapies are designed to target inflammation at the molecular level, offering effective immunomodulation with a relatively low risk of serious side effects. This article reviews the current understanding of biologic treatments for non-infectious uveitis and scleritis, highlighting recent pharmacological developments and clinical research findings.