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April 10, 2026Journal of Food Process Engineering

Finite Element Modeling for Bi‐Directional Transport Phenomena During Vacuum Frying of Gulab Jamun: Simulations and Experimental Validations

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Authors

RDRahul DasSMSandeep MannKPKamlesh Prasad

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Overview

Simulations reveal heating and moisture dynamics in vacuum frying, suggesting improved food quality.

Key Points

  • The aim is to investigate bidirectional transport mechanisms during vacuum frying of Gulab jamun.
  • Developed a finite element method based heat and mass transfer model in COMSOL Multiphysics
  • Simulated frying conditions at 25 kPa, 138°C for 10 minutes
  • Analyzed moisture content and oil absorption in Gulab jamun
  • Validated model against experimental data for accuracy
  • Significant reduction in surface moisture content from 0.42 to 0.05 g/g
  • Oil content increased from 0.245 to 0.384 g/g at the surface
  • Model validation showed strong correlation with experimental data (0.942 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.994)
  • Demonstrated effective temperature distribution with rapid surface heating

Cite This Study

Das et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d896566c1944d70ce07a5ahttps://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.70493
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