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April 10, 2026Annals of NeurologyOpen Access

Hyperreflective Foci in the Inner Nuclear Layer: Proof‐of‐Concept for an Optical Coherence Tomography Derived Microglia‐Related Marker in Multiple Sclerosis

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Authors

JGJonathan A. GernertLBLaura M. BartosTCTara Christmann

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Overview

The investigation demonstrates increased hyperreflective foci in multiple sclerosis, indicating potential microglial involvement.

Key Points

  • To assess hyperreflective foci detected by optical coherence tomography as a marker for microglial pathology in multiple sclerosis.
  • Examined hyperreflective foci in the inner nuclear layer of the retina using optical coherence tomography.
  • Analyzed differences in foci counts between individuals with relapsing and progressive MS.
  • Correlated foci counts with imaging metrics of global white and gray matter, and deep gray matter uptake.
  • Hyperreflective foci counts are significantly higher in individuals with relapsing and progressive MS.
  • There is a correlation between hyperreflective foci counts and uptake of [<sup>18</sup>F]GE-180.
  • Findings suggest a link between retinal changes and microglial activity in MS.

Cite This Study

Gernert et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d8967d6c1944d70ce07e29https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.78215
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