Transient pressure in piped liquid is a function of structural restraint at elbows. If supported rigidly, an elbow causes no appreciable alteration of the pressure transient generated by rapid valve closure. However, if the support is relaxed, significant alteration is observed. Motion of the elbow, driven by axial stresses in the pipe and by the liquid pressure, causes the alteration. Experimental data are presented to support these contentions. Two mechanisms are proposed as causes of the observed interaction of transient pressure and pipe motion. Verification that the mechanisms have been identified correctly is given by comparison of the experimental data to predictions of an analytical model that incorporates the mechanisms.
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Wiggert et al. (1985) studied this question.